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                <text>Análisis económico-jurídico del juego durante la transición democrática en España
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                <text>Esta tesis describe y analiza la importancia de este sector dentro de la economía española durante el periodo de 1977 a
1985, que comienza con la despenalización y finaliza con una incipiente cesión de las tasas a las Comunidades Autónomas. Se
parte de un estudio macroeconómico para, posteriormente, desarrollar otro microeconómico relacionado con el mercado de la
oferta y la demanda de cada uno de los juegos, tanto del sector público como del privado. También, se tratan los aspectos fiscales
de este sector y, más concretamente, la tasa fiscal creada mediante el Real Decreto-Ley 16/1977. Por último, se analiza el aspecto
jurídico relativo a la diversa normativa generada respecto a cada una de las modalidades de Juegos (Teseo)
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                <text>El impacto de las fotografías de los atentados de ETA a través de la prensa bilbaína, 1968-1982
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                <text>Bidebarrieta: Revista de humanidades y ciencias sociales de Bilbao, Nº. 16, 2005 (Ejemplar
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                <text>En ésta comunicación se analiza la evolución de la representación gráfica de la muerte a través de las fotografías
publicadas en la prensa de los atentados cometidos por E.T.A. durante los inicios de la transición. La investigación tiene como
soporte lo que posteriormente se denominarán diarios tradicionales: La Gaceta del Norte, Hierro y El Correo. Junto a ellos se
estudiará el papel desempeñado por Deia, cuyo objetico primordial es distanciarse de las inercias del franquismo y que surge
como el diario con una apuesta más arriesgada a nivel fotogáfico
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                <text>Editorial Cuarto Propio, Santiago</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;What strikes you on a trip to the Middle East is that everyone is talking politics&amp;mdash;all of the time.&amp;nbsp;That had been the case in countries like Lebanon where it is a national pastime, but it is a new phenomenon in countries across North Africa and the Gulf.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Constitutions are being rewritten, political parties and youth groups are vibrant, and everyone has an opinion on current events. The older generation seems worried by the uncertainty associated with change. The young generation continues to be energized.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;h4 data-fontsize="26" data-lineheight="39"&gt;Need for an economic rethink&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;But, what I noticed during a week of travel through the region is that&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;almost no one is talking economics, and that is a worry&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;nbsp;Because while 2011 was a year of major transitions in the political domain, almost every economic indicator in the non-oil countries went in the wrong direction. Growth halved, unemployment rose, reserves came under pressure and deficits ballooned as governments responded to social pressures by increasing spending on wages and generalized&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://blogs.imf.org/2011/05/10/food-and-fuel-subsidies/"&gt;subsidies&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;New governments across the region are keen to respond to the demand for&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://blogs.imf.org/2011/11/16/bringing-the-informal-sector-into-the-fold/"&gt;jobs&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and justice that brought them to power but are quickly faced with the hard reality of limited resources and powerful vested interests.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;So, just as the "&lt;a href="http://blogs.imf.org/2011/12/06/the-arab-spring-one-year-on/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arab Spring&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;" opened a debate about politics in the Middle East, we now need an "&lt;strong&gt;Economic Spring&lt;/strong&gt;" on how to rethink the region's economic future.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Of course each country will have to define its own strategy, but there will be some common issues that will have to be addressed. How can countries move away from generalized&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2012/CAR051412B.htm"&gt;subsidies&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;to ones targeting the poor to free up resources to invest in improving the education system and infrastructure?&amp;nbsp; How can tax systems become fairer so that the poorest can be given a minimum standard of living? Given bloated public sectors, how will the private sector be induced to create the 50-75 million&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2011/06/Abdih.htm"&gt;jobs&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;needed in the next decade?&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, there is not yet any real discourse about these issues.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;h4 data-fontsize="26" data-lineheight="39"&gt;Tougher environment&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The region has to make this historic transition in a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2012/CAR042012D.htm"&gt;much tougher external environment&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;than that which faced Eastern Europe after the fall of the Berlin Wall.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;In the 1990s the world economy was booming, Europe was keen to embrace the transition countries by providing a policy anchor through membership of the European Union, and external finance was readily available.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;None of these conditions are the same for&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/reo/2012/mcd/eng/mreo0412.htm"&gt;MENA&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(the Middle East and North Africa) today and while there is willingness from the international community to help, resources are limited. Most of the economic transition in MENA will have to be financed through domestic resources and that means the numbers need to add up.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Launching such a debate in the months ahead is essential.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;It must be indigenous and engage the younger generation whose&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2012/03/straight.htm"&gt;economic futures are at stake&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;-- both their job prospects and the debts that will have to be repaid if their economies are mismanaged.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;It was refreshing to listen to students from universities in Beirut during a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2012/051012.htm"&gt;presentation&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;I gave at the American University in Beirut (&lt;a href="http://www.aub.edu.lb/main/Pages/index.aspx"&gt;AUB&lt;/a&gt;). They had many questions on the economy and the implications for their futures. There was obvious energy and talent in the room as well as worry about what lay ahead for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Their concerns ranged from the need for better access to education, to jobs, to protecting the environment. They also commented about the need for transparency in public finances and how the IMF can help address the many challenges facing the region.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;This visit to the region, has made me more convinced that without an "Economic Spring" to accompany the "Arab Spring" and the important political transitions taking place in the Arab region, we risk failure on both fronts.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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