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Corría noviembre de 1989 y caía el Muro de Berlín. Dos años después, los ciudadanos derribaban las estatuas de Lenin y el gesto confirmó la desintegración de la Unión Soviética. Dos años fatídicos para un debilitado Mijaíl Gorbachov, Secretario General del PCUS desde 1985, que se había empeñado en instaurar reformas arriesgadas y radicales, de consecuencias nefastas para la URSS.

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En política exterior, Gorbachov levantó el “telón de acero” y en política interior inició la democratización del país, lanzando dos conceptos revolucionarios: glasnost o libertad de expresión y perestroika o reforma económica.

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Intrigas e inestabilidad económica

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Gorbachov se enfrentaba al eterno dilema: ¿se puede aplicar la libertad de mercado dentro de una economía controlada? Su perestroika había sido concebida para resolver el problema, pero no tuvo el efecto esperado.

\r\n

Mientras se ganaba en libertades individuales y la represión desaparecía, el rublo se hundía, la inflación se disparaba y los primeros mendigos no tardaron en prodigarse por las calles, algo insólito hasta entonces. La inestabilidad económica y las intrigas dentro del Partido Comunista por mantener el poder precipitaron la caída del mayor imperio del siglo XX.

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Hablan los protagonistas

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En \"Los últimos días de la URSS\", los protagonistas de la gran transformación de este país desgranan las maniobras del PCUS y de los reformistas rusos para terminar con la concepción de Gorbachov por convertir a la Unión Soviética en una federación de estados soberanos. Cuentan cómo Occidente se benefició de las decisiones de Gorbachov y cómo Yeltsin, su gran enemigo, personal y político le asestó el golpe definitivo.

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Con un ritmo magnífico y unos testimonios a cual más interesante, el documental  relata con gran rigor histórico, los dos tragos más amargos de Gorbachov en su carrera política: el golpe de estado de agosto de 1991 y su renuncia, como Presidente de la Unión Soviética abandonado por todos, el día de Navidad. Acontecimientos cruciales, que dieron lugar a uno de los cambios más importantes del nuevo orden internacional, la desintegración de la URSS

(RTVE)

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