["itemContainer",{"xmlns:xsi":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance","xsi:schemaLocation":"http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd","uri":"https://www.repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/items?output=omeka-json&page=442&sort_field=added","accessDate":"2026-05-09T17:35:11+00:00"},["miscellaneousContainer",["pagination",["pageNumber","442"],["perPage","10"],["totalResults","4753"]]],["item",{"itemId":"4851","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"116"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"32216"},["text",""]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"18"},["name",""],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"52"},["name","Texto original"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"32495"},["text","<p><strong>Amr Zaki&nbsp;</strong>representa la fuerza que heredar&aacute; el estallido revolucionario de la primavera &aacute;rabe. Los Hermanos Musulmanes, una formaci&oacute;n&nbsp;<strong>ilegalizada durante las seis &uacute;ltimas d&eacute;cadas</strong>, copa desde ayer la mitad del nuevo Parlamento egipcio, el primero de la historia del pa&iacute;s surgido de unas elecciones libres. El secretario general adjunto del brazo pol&iacute;tico de la Hermandad, el Partido de la Libertad y la Justicia, fue arrestado hace cinco a&ntilde;os, como tantos otros miembros de su organizaci&oacute;n. Hoy ocupa uno de los asientos de la C&aacute;mara, reservada durante los &uacute;ltimos treinta a&ntilde;os casi exclusivamente a los miembros del partido de&nbsp;<strong>Hosni Mubarak</strong>. En una entrevista justo antes de tomar posesi&oacute;n asegura que su pa&iacute;s afronta &ldquo;una nueva experiencia, basada en los principios del islam&rdquo;.</p>\r\n<p>Seg&uacute;n los datos oficiales, difundidos s&oacute;lo dos d&iacute;as antes de la composici&oacute;n del Parlamento, el partido de los Hermanos ha conseguido&nbsp;<strong>el 47% de los esca&ntilde;os</strong>. En segundo lugar, con el 25% de los asientos, se sit&uacute;a la formaci&oacute;n salafista Al Nour, representantes de una de las ramas m&aacute;s ortodoxas del islam.&nbsp;<strong>El cord&oacute;n sanitario contra las corrientes islamistas creado por el antiguo r&eacute;gimen ha saltado por los aires</strong>, ya que estos grupos representan al 70% de los miembros de la Asamblea del Pueblo. Desde la Hermandad Musulmana rechazan una gran coalici&oacute;n islamista, aunque entienden que las revueltas &aacute;rabes dar&aacute;n paso a un &ldquo;nuevo modelo isl&aacute;mico&rdquo;.</p>\r\n<p>&ldquo;Sus pa&iacute;ses, Europa y Estados Unidos entienden los cambios que han ocurrido en Egipto y en el mundo &aacute;rabe, que van a crear nuevas formas de hacer pol&iacute;tica&rdquo;, asegura Amr Zaki desde su despacho. &ldquo;Nosotros, por supuesto,&nbsp;<strong>tenemos un concepto isl&aacute;mico de la vida</strong>. Ponemos la pol&iacute;tica, la econom&iacute;a, la sociedad bajo la &oacute;ptica de nuestra religi&oacute;n. El mundo tendr&aacute; una nueva visi&oacute;n de Egipto bajo el modelo isl&aacute;mico que vamos a crear&rdquo;, insiste.</p>\r\n<p>Los expertos se debaten entre si este modelo tender&aacute; al turco, moderno y secular, o a las teocracias de Ir&aacute;n o Arabia Saud&iacute;. Zaki rechaza ambos paradigmas y especula con&nbsp;<strong>&ldquo;algo novedoso&rdquo;, que no termina de aclarar</strong>. &ldquo;El cambio obliga a Occidente a articular tambi&eacute;n nuevas pol&iacute;ticas para nuestras futuras relaciones.&nbsp;<strong>Estados Unidos entiende el nuevo periodo y va a tener una buena relaci&oacute;n con nosotros</strong>&rdquo;.</p>\r\n<p><strong>El enemigo israel&iacute;</strong></p>\r\n<p>Varios miembros de la Casa Blanca han pasado por Egipto en las &uacute;ltimas semanas, incluido el expresidente&nbsp;<strong>Jimmy Carter</strong>, con parada obligada en la sede de los Hermanos Musulmanes. Estados Unidos teme que la ca&iacute;da de su aliado Hosni Mubarak sepulte las buenas relaciones entre ambos pa&iacute;ses, basadas en el acuerdo de paz entre Egipto e Israel, firmado en 1979. Un asunto que deja al descubierto la voluntaria ambig&uuml;edad de la Hermandad. Mientras que el movimiento de los Hermanos Musulmanes no acepta la condici&oacute;n de Israel como Estado, el Partido de la Libertad y la Justicia asegura que por el momento no van a modificar el tratado entre ambos pa&iacute;ses. &ldquo;Es s&oacute;lo una posici&oacute;n legal&rdquo;, aclara Zaki.</p>\r\n<p>&Eacute;l juega con la postura pragm&aacute;tica de la pol&iacute;tica, mientras los l&iacute;deres religiosos arengan a la poblaci&oacute;n con declaraciones incendiarias. &ldquo;Nuestra poblaci&oacute;n no est&aacute; de acuerdo con esta pol&iacute;tica&rdquo;, confiesa al fin el l&iacute;der pol&iacute;tico. Y aunque nunca han anunciado de forma oficial la declaraci&oacute;n de un refer&eacute;ndum, sostiene:&nbsp;<strong>&ldquo;En los pr&oacute;ximos 20 a&ntilde;os preguntaremos por los acuerdos con Israel</strong>. Todas las decisiones que tengan que ver con Israel, las tendr&aacute; que decidir la gente, no los partidos&rdquo;.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>A fuego lento</strong></p>\r\n<p>Los Hermanos Musulmanes juegan con el tiempo y saben que si han podido esperar 60 a&ntilde;os para llevar al Parlamento el respaldo popular que ten&iacute;an en las calles, no van a desgastarse en los primeros compases del nuevo momento con decisiones pol&eacute;micas. Zaki repite como un mantra el calendario electoral: primero la formaci&oacute;n del Parlamento, despu&eacute;s la redacci&oacute;n de la Constituci&oacute;n y por &uacute;ltimo,&nbsp;<strong>la designaci&oacute;n de un nuevo presidente, que deber&aacute; producirse durante la primera mitad de este a&ntilde;o</strong>. &ldquo;&Eacute;l ser&aacute; quien deba resolver los principales problemas del pa&iacute;s, que son la seguridad y la econom&iacute;a. Cuando quede conformado su Gabinete, hablaremos de leyes&rdquo;, a&ntilde;ade.</p>\r\n<p>Para Zaki estas tres etapas son la caja de pandora. Afirma que garantizan la &ldquo;libertad, la estabilidad, el cambio y el desarrollo que necesita Egipto&rdquo;. Son las etapas marcadas por&nbsp;<strong>la Junta Militar</strong><strong>, que no abandonar&aacute; el poder hasta que no termine este proceso</strong>. Ma&ntilde;ana, los Hermanos Musulmanes han convocado a sus bases para celebrar el aniversario de la revoluci&oacute;n en las calles, donde coincidir&aacute;n con grupos liberales y seculares que exigen que el Ej&eacute;rcito entregue cuanto antes el poder a una autoridad civil. La Hermandad, que nunca se puso detr&aacute;s de la revoluci&oacute;n, pero la apoy&oacute;, ha sido acusada de mantener un acuerdo con los militares para hacer una transici&oacute;n ordenada que le otorgara una victoria tranquila.</p>\r\n<p>&ldquo;Nosotros vamos a cooperar con todos. Entendemos que este periodo requiere de buenas relaciones con todo el mundo, pero no tenemos ning&uacute;n tipo de relaci&oacute;n privada con la Junta Militar&rdquo;, desmiente Zaki. Sin embargo, varios l&iacute;deres de su formaci&oacute;n han asegurado durante los &uacute;ltimos d&iacute;as que los militares podr&iacute;an tener una &ldquo;salida segura&rdquo; que les garantizar&iacute;a inmunidad ante la ley, pese a las recientes im&aacute;genes de violencia contra los manifestantes. &ldquo;Todas las personas en Egipto est&aacute;n sometidas al imperio de la ley, incluidos los militares&rdquo;, remacha el parlamentario, que no obstante, vuelve a eludir responsabilidades: &ldquo;No habr&aacute; decisiones con respecto a la inmunidad hasta que no se forme el nuevo Gobierno&rdquo;.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ahora no toca</strong></p>\r\n<p>Queda claro que las decisiones pol&iacute;ticas se quedan s&oacute;lo en los despachos. En el Partido de la Libertad y la Justicia no quieren hablar de leyes.&nbsp;<strong>&ldquo;Nosotros tomaremos en el Parlamento buenas decisiones para las mujeres&rdquo;</strong>, asegura Zaki, pese a que &eacute;stas no representar&aacute;n&nbsp;<span>ni al 2% de la C&aacute;mara Baja.</span>&nbsp;El l&iacute;der musulm&aacute;n mantiene que esta exigua presencia &ldquo;no es un problema del partido, es un problema cultural. En 60 a&ntilde;os no ha habido buenas relaciones entre la mujer y la pol&iacute;tica. Quiz&aacute; ellas lo han intentado, pero no ha habido libertad ni ha quedado claro c&oacute;mo pueden llegar a puestos pol&iacute;ticos. Nosotros vamos a empezar a preguntarnos c&oacute;mo poner a las mujeres en el mapa&rdquo;, sostiene.</p>\r\n<p>La Junta Electoral estableci&oacute; que para que tuvieran mayor presencia pol&iacute;tica, todas las listas electorales deb&iacute;an incluir al menos una mujer. Los partidos respondieron coloc&aacute;ndolas en posiciones tan bajas que resultaba casi imposible que salieran elegidas y adem&aacute;s muchas de ellas, integrantes de partidos islamistas, ni siquiera aparec&iacute;an en los carteles. &ldquo;Hay muchos criterios para elegir a los candidatos. Nosotros nos basamos en la experiencia, ponemos a quien tiene una mejor relaci&oacute;n con el electorado&rdquo;, responde el adjunto a la secretar&iacute;a general del partido.</p>\r\n<p>Zaki responde machaconamente a estas cuestiones. Insiste en que se ocupar&aacute;n de preservar los derechos de las mujeres y de los miembros de otras confesiones religiosas.</p>\r\n<p>Reitera que no se van a producir cambios legislativos de calado, mientras aboga por la idea de un nuevo modelo isl&aacute;mico. 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