La esperanza de un compromiso entre Moscú, por una parte, y Lituania y Letonia, por otra, se perfiló ayer durante una reunión entre el presidente Mijaíl Gorbachov con los tres líderes de las repúblicas bálticas: el lituano Vitautas Landshergis, el letón Anatoli Gorbunov y el estonio Arnold Ruutel, en el Kreínfin. Horas antes se concretaba el desairio de¡ radical Borís Veitsin, presidente de la República Federativa Rusa, cuando el Parlamento de esta república -la mayor y más poblada de la Unión Soviética- proclamaba su soberanía y la supremacía de sus leyes sobre las de¡ poder central de Moscú.
\r\nLa reunión de Gorbachov con los líderes bálticos, durante una hora, siguió anoche a una larga sesión del Consejo Federal de la URSS que reunió a los dirigentes de las 15 repúblicas soviéticas. En una rueda de prensa posterior al encuentro con Gorbachov Vytautas Landsbergis y Gorbunov explicaron las líneas genera les del acuerdo que se apuntaba anoche entre el Kremlin y sus respectivas repúblicas.Gorbunov dijo haber llegado a Moscú con la propuesta de \"comenzar conversaciones para firmar un acuerdo sobre el estatus del período de transición\" hacia la independencia total de Letonia. Gorbachov se mostró dispuesto a comenzar estas conversaciones, dijo el líder letón, a condición de que el parlamento republicano suspenda la declaración de independencia durante las mismas. Los elementos de este acuerdo, según Gorbunov, son el reconocimiento de la soberanía de la república por parte del Kremlin y la resolución de las eventuales contradicciones con la URSS -como los asuntos de Defensa y el servicio militar- por medio de acuerdos bilaterales.
\r\n\r\n
\r\n
Suspensión temporal
\r\n\r\n
\"No estoy decepcionado, pero no está claro aún si esto será el comienzo de un diálogo político concreto o no\", dijo Landsbergis quien manifestó a Gorbachov que semejante diálogo es imposible con un bloqueo económico como el que Moscú ha declarado a Lituania. El diputado lituano Nikolai Medvedev señaló que la fórmula de compromiso entre Moscú y Vilna podría consistir en una \"suspensión temporal, y con garantías, de la declaración de independencia\". En el caso de que las conversaciones no fueran satisfactorias para Lituania, vería asegurado su derecho a retirarse de las mismas y se descongelaría automáticamente la declaración de independencia.
\r\nLa entrevista de los representantes bálticos con Gorbachov había sido largamente pedida por los líderes bálticos. El clima de ayer presagiaba el compromiso. Por la mañana, Gorbachov indicó en el Consejo Federal que las condiciones para iniciar el diálogo con Lituania se habían dulcificado. El Consejo reúne a los máximos representantes de las 15 repúblicas federadas soviéticas, además del jefe de Gobierno de la URSS, Nikolái Rizhkov, el presidente del Sóviet Supremo, Anatoli Lukianov, y los jefes de las dos Cámaras parlamentarias.
\r\nLa reunión del Consejo Federal, que puso frente a Gorbachov a los más relevantes miembros de la oposición a su política, comenzó a las tres de la tarde en las dependencias presidenciales, en la cuarta planta del edificio del Krem1in donde se reúne el Soviet Supremo de la URSS. Poco antes de esa hora, llegó a la cita Vytautas Landsbergis, vestido con un traje azul y acompañado de Arnold Ruutel.
\r\nDesde que Lituania declarara su independencia, Gorbachov y Landsbergis no habían vuelto a encontrarse y el presidente de la URSS había llamado \"aventureros\" a los líderes lituanos. Para Yeltsin,. el presidente del Parlamento ruso, la reunión de ayer era también la primera con Gorbachov desde que fuera elegido para ese cargo mientras el presidente de la URS S volaba camino de Canadá. En su ausencia, Yeltsin y Landsbergis se habían entrevistado en Moscú.
\r\n\r\n
Negociaciones directas
\r\n\r\n
El diputado estonio Igor Griazin dijo que \"Gorbachov debe pensar que si no soluciona el problema en el marco de la URSS, el problema se solucionará por negociaciones directas entre el Báltico y Rusia\". El diputado letón Janis Peters creía que Gorbachov propondría una estructura de confederación de la URSS ó un esta tus especial para el Báltico.
\r\nLa declaración de soberanía adoptada ayer por el parlamento ruso por 907 votos a favor, 13 en contra y 9 abstenciones, declara la supremacía de las leyes de esta república sobre las leyes de la URSS. Rusia se proclamaba así ayer como un \"estado democrático de derecho\" en el marco de una federación renovada. En caso de conflicto, entre las leyes republicanas y las leyes de la URS S, las diferencias deben dirimirse según el procedimiento establecido en el Tratado de la Unión. La declaración de soberanía rusa es la base para elaborar una nueva constitución, un nuevo Tratado de la Unión y perfeccionar las leyes de la república.
\r\nGorbachov declaró recientemente que una URSS sin Rusia \" carecería de sentido\", mientras que Yeltsin abogó siempre por el federalismo y la descentralización del poder.
\r\n* Este artículo apareció en la edición impresa del Miércoles, 13 de junio de 1990
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