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Todav&iacute;a existen en China cl&iacute;nicas que usan el electrochoque para &ldquo;curar&rdquo; la homosexualidad o libros que definen la atracci&oacute;n por el mismo sexo como una &ldquo;desviaci&oacute;n&rdquo;. Para luchar por sus derechos, los activistas han empezado a recurrir a los procesos judiciales.</p>\r\n<p>La discriminaci&oacute;n est&aacute;, por ley, prohibida en China. Y la homosexualidad dej&oacute; de estar vetada en 1997, cuando dej&oacute; de estar penada como &ldquo;gamberrismo&rdquo;. En 2001, se elimin&oacute; oficialmente del registro de enfermedades mentales. No existen grupos de activistas contra los homosexuales, como pueda ocurrir en EE UU. Entre los j&oacute;venes que viven en las ciudades, &ldquo;m&aacute;s del 80% dice aceptar a los LGBT&rdquo;, puntualiza Xin Ying, directora de la ONG Beijing LGBT Center. Pero a&uacute;n es un tema tab&uacute;, del que no se habla en p&uacute;blico y que cuesta aceptar a las familias.</p>\r\n<a name=\"sumario_2\"></a>\r\n<div class=\"sumario__interior\">\r\n<h4 class=\"sumario-titulo\"><span class=\"sin_enlace\">LAS GRANDES EMPRESAS HACEN CAMPA&Ntilde;A</span></h4>\r\n<div class=\"sumario-texto\">\r\n<p>La estrategia de activistas como el Beijing LGBT Center incluye tambi&eacute;n reclutar para su causa a las empresas. Hasta el momento han encontrado receptividad entre grandes multinacionales y empresas del mundo de la comunicaci&oacute;n o de la tecnolog&iacute;a.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>El gigante del comercio electr&oacute;nico Alibaba se apunt&oacute; un tanto publicitario al enviar este a&ntilde;o a 10 parejas gais a que pudieran casarse en EE UU. Eso s&iacute;, en las empresas m&aacute;s peque&ntilde;as &ldquo;la situaci&oacute;n es m&aacute;s complicada&rdquo;, reconoce la activista Echo. Un 31% de LGBT cree que trabaja en una empresa &ldquo;muy poco amistosa&rdquo; hacia su comunidad.</p>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n<p><a href=\"https://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2012/09/07/actualidad/1347031079_919429.html\">La mentalidad confuciana considera una maldici&oacute;n la falta de descendencia</a>. Numerosas familias coaccionan a sus hijos homosexuales para que se casen y tengan descendencia. Muchos acaban cediendo a la presi&oacute;n y cas&aacute;ndose con personas que desconocen la verdadera orientaci&oacute;n sexual de su c&oacute;nyuge. Otros optan por matrimonios de conveniencia entre gay y lesbiana.</p>\r\n<p>El Segundo informe sobre la comunidad LGBT del grupo WorkforLGBT, divulgado este mes y que sonde&oacute; a casi 19.000 personas, destaca que apenas el 6% de lesbianas han salido del armario. Entre los hombres, el porcentaje es del 3%. Para el 77% de gais y el 80% de lesbianas, la presi&oacute;n familiar es su principal preocupaci&oacute;n.</p>\r\n<p>&ldquo;Mi familia no lo supo hasta hace dos a&ntilde;os. Cuando se enteraron, les afect&oacute; mucho y no lo pod&iacute;an aceptar, pues nunca hab&iacute;an o&iacute;do hablar sobre la homosexualidad. Desde entonces la situaci&oacute;n no ha mejorado mucho&rdquo;, explica Peng Yanzi, de 32 a&ntilde;os.</p>\r\n<p>Para complacer a sus padres, Peng decidi&oacute; en 2014 acudir a una de las muchas cl&iacute;nicas que se anuncian por Internet como &ldquo;correctoras&rdquo;. La &ldquo;terapia de aversi&oacute;n&rdquo;, con un coste de 4.500 euros, inclu&iacute;a el uso de electrochoque para &ldquo;provocar una reacci&oacute;n de horror&rdquo;. &ldquo;Calcul&eacute; que recibir&iacute;a cerca de un centenar. Despu&eacute;s de 100 descargas el&eacute;ctricas, uno no se convierte en heterosexual, sino en un neur&oacute;pata&rdquo;, considera.</p>\r\n<p>Decidi&oacute; entonces llevar a la cl&iacute;nica a juicio por estafa y publicidad fraudulenta. En diciembre pasado, los jueces le dieron la raz&oacute;n y obligaron a la cl&iacute;nica a devolverle el importe que hab&iacute;a adelantado, en un caso que los activistas consideran un hito.</p>\r\n<p>&ldquo;Las organizaciones pro derechos LGBT han comenzado recientemente a entender que las demandas judiciales y los cambios en la pol&iacute;tica son muy importantes [para luchar contra la discriminaci&oacute;n]. Muchas han empezado a recabar datos para demostrar esta discriminaci&oacute;n y convencer a los abogados y al Gobierno&rdquo;, explica Xin Ying.</p>\r\n<h3>Resultados limitados</h3>\r\n<a name=\"sumario_1\"></a>\r\n<div class=\"sumario__interior\">\r\n<h3 class=\"sumario-titulo\"><span class=\"sin_enlace\">M&Aacute;S INFORMACI&Oacute;N</span></h3>\r\n<div class=\"sumario-texto\">\r\n<div class=\"apoyos\">\r\n<ul class=\"apoyos-listado\">\r\n<li class=\"apoyo_ apoyo_sinfoto\"><span class=\"apoyo-titulo\"><a href=\"https://elpais.com/elpais/2013/05/03/gente/1367611122_783985.html\">La ministra lesbiana y la novia del presidente sacuden la moral china</a></span></li>\r\n<li class=\"apoyo_ apoyo_sinfoto\"><span class=\"apoyo-titulo\"><a href=\"https://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/11/24/actualidad/1448373302_671472.html\">Juicio contra los libros de texto hom&oacute;fobos en China</a></span></li>\r\n<li class=\"apoyo_ apoyo_sinfoto\"><span class=\"apoyo-titulo\"><a href=\"https://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2012/09/07/actualidad/1347031079_919429.html\">Mi vida como &lsquo;tongqi&rsquo;</a></span></li>\r\n<li class=\"apoyo_ apoyo_sinfoto\"><span class=\"apoyo-titulo\"><a href=\"https://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2013/02/02/actualidad/1359766157_946791.html\">La boda gay que remueve China</a></span></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n<p>Este a&ntilde;o los tribunales han visto otros dos casos sobre derechos de los gais.&nbsp;<a href=\"https://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/11/24/actualidad/1448373302_671472.html\">La estudiante Chen Qiuyan consegu&iacute;a esta semana llevar ante un tribunal</a>&nbsp;al Ministerio de Educaci&oacute;n tras descubrir que los libros de su Universidad siguen calificando la homosexualidad como un &ldquo;desorden&rdquo; patol&oacute;gico. Y el director Fan Popo ha presentado una demanda contra la s&uacute;bita censura en Internet de su pel&iacute;cula&nbsp;<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFaKcCQCxKE\"><em>Mama Rainbow</em></a>, sobre las relaciones entre madres y sus hijos homosexuales.</p>\r\n<p>&ldquo;Quiero que me expliquen las razones para bloquearlo&rdquo;, declara Fan, a la espera de que el tribunal emita sentencia en un par de semanas. &ldquo;Me dicen que mi v&iacute;deo es perjudicial para la sociedad. Pero se muestra todo este amor de estas madres &iquest;Qu&eacute; da&ntilde;o puede hacer a la sociedad el amor maternal?&rdquo;</p>\r\n<p>De momento, los resultados de estas iniciativas a&uacute;n parecen limitados. Las cl&iacute;nicas &ldquo;correctoras&rdquo; siguen existiendo y al menos un 10% de los psiquiatras, seg&uacute;n el informe de WorkForLGBT, a&uacute;n cree necesario el uso de terapia. En el caso de la estudiante Chen, el Ministerio de Educaci&oacute;n rechaz&oacute; cualquier responsabilidad sobre el contenido de los libros de texto. Pasos m&aacute;s avanzados, como&nbsp;<a href=\"https://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2013/02/02/actualidad/1359766157_946791.html\">el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo</a>, parecen a&uacute;n una posibilidad muy distante.</p>\r\n<p>Pero poco a poco se van logrando m&aacute;s avances. Fan Popo recuerda que la asociaci&oacute;n PFLAG (Padres, Familias y Amigos de Lesbianas y Gais) de China comenz&oacute; su primera reuni&oacute;n con solo cuatro familias. Hoy son m&aacute;s de mil. Y aunque&nbsp;<em>Mama Rainbow</em>&nbsp;se haya suprimido sin explicaciones, la censura s&iacute; ha cedido en otro caso. La coproducci&oacute;n francochina Seek McCartney, del director Wang Chao, cuyos personajes centrales son abiertamente gais, recibi&oacute; en septiembre el visto bueno de las autoridades para su exhibici&oacute;n en cines.</p>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33443"},["text","<a href=\"https://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/11/28/actualidad/1448729348_704202.html\" target=\"_blank\">https://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/11/28/actualidad/1448729348_704202.html</a>"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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