["itemContainer",{"xmlns:xsi":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance","xsi:schemaLocation":"http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd","uri":"https://www.repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/items?output=omeka-json&page=302&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CCreator","accessDate":"2026-05-01T09:00:25+00:00"},["miscellaneousContainer",["pagination",["pageNumber","302"],["perPage","10"],["totalResults","4753"]]],["item",{"itemId":"706","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"1"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"205"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"228"},["text",""]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"18"},["name",""],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3417"},["text","http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2990225\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3413"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3414"},["text","2008"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3415"},["text","Ricardo Zugasti Azagra\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3416"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"10"},["name","Prensa"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2115","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11023"},["text","Tesis Doctorales"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"20"},["name","Tesis Doctoral"],["description","Tesis Doctorales publicadas sobre el tema"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12967"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"57"},["name","Directores de la Tesis"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12969"},["text","Carlos Barrera del Barrio\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"59"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12970"},["text","Universidad de Navarra en 2004\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12972"},["text","https://www.educacion.gob.es/teseo/mostrarRef.do?ref=890052\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12966"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12968"},["text","Ricardo Zugasti Azagra\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12971"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"30"},["name",""]],["tag",{"tagId":"10"},["name","Prensa"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]]]],["item",{"itemId":"1800","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"3"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4190"},["text","Libros"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"19"},["name","Libro"],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10737"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"55"},["name","Editorial"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10739"},["text","Ediciones Amargord\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10741"},["text","http://www.elotropais.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=228&Itemid=37\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"54"},["name","Enlace secundario"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10742"},["text","http://eroj.org/aj/Gualino.pdf\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10735"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10736"},["text","2011"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10738"},["text","Riccardo Gualino\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10740"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"5"},["name","Franquismo"]],["tag",{"tagId":"151"},["name","Fusilamientos de septiembre de 1975"]],["tag",{"tagId":"287"},["name","PCE (m-l)"]],["tag",{"tagId":"9"},["name","Terrorismo"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]],["tag",{"tagId":"204"},["name","Ultraizquierda"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"1723","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"3"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4190"},["text","Libros"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"19"},["name","Libro"],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10154"},["text","EEUU"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"55"},["name","Editorial"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10156"},["text","Cambridge university Press, Nueva York\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10158"},["text","http://www.marcialpons.es/libros/the-politics-of-spain/9780521604000/\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10152"},["text","The politics of Spain\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10153"},["text","2009"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10155"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10157"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]]]],["item",{"itemId":"1088","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"3"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4190"},["text","Libros"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"19"},["name","Libro"],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"5890"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"55"},["name","Editorial"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"5892"},["text","CIS, Madrid\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"5894"},["text","http://books.google.com/books/about/El_sistema_de_partidos_pol%C3%ADticos_en_Esp.html?id=8beIAAAAMAAJ\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"5888"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"5889"},["text","1986"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"5891"},["text","Richard Gunther, Giacomo Sani y Goldie Shabad\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"5893"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"41"},["name",""]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]]]],["item",{"itemId":"4529","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"586"},["src","https://www.repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/files/original/6d7bdb8a109dd0653202ea35cacb91ad.jpg"],["authentication","0b325835920c388ed731f6641d9d2b1d"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"71"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"28975"},["text",""]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"19"},["name","Libro"],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30409"},["text","Reino Unido"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30404"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30405"},["text","Richard Mcgregor"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30406"},["text","2011"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30407"},["text","Editorial Turner"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30408"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"1239"},["name","China"]],["tag",{"tagId":"658"},["name","Comunismo"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"923","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"3"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4190"},["text","Libros"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"19"},["name","Libro"],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4781"},["text","EEUU"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"55"},["name","Editorial"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4783"},["text","Western Societies Program, Center for International Studies, Cornell University\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4785"},["text","http://books.google.com/books?id=HVIvAAAAMAAJ&hl=es&source=gbs_similarbooks\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4779"},["text","The Spanish Left. Resurgence after four decades of Franco\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4780"},["text","1978"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4782"},["text","Richard S. Fischer\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4784"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"74"},["name","PCE"]],["tag",{"tagId":"14"},["name","PSOE"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]]]],["item",{"itemId":"1103","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"3"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4190"},["text","Libros"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"19"},["name","Libro"],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"5977"},["text","EEUU"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"55"},["name","Editorial"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"5979"},["text","Ballinger, Cambridge, Massachussets\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"5981"},["text","http://books.google.es/books?id=tIhpAAAAMAAJ&q=Spain+in+the+1980s.+The+democratic+transition+and+a+new+internatio\nnal+role&dq=Spain+in+the+1980s.+The+democratic+transition+and+a+new+international+role&hl=es&ei=HZzKTs2rDIegOv3Zld\nQP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"5975"},["text","Spain in the 1980s. The democratic transition and a new international role\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"5976"},["text","1987"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"5978"},["text","Robert Clark y Michael Hatzel\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"5980"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"63"},["name","OTAN"]],["tag",{"tagId":"358"},["name",""]],["tag",{"tagId":"70"},["name","Relaciones internacionales"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]]]],["item",{"itemId":"1288","public":"1","featured":"0"},["collection",{"collectionId":"3"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4190"},["text","Libros"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"19"},["name","Libro"],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"56"},["name",""],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"7137"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"55"},["name","Editorial"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"7139"},["text","CIS, Madrid\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"7140"},["text","http://libreria.cis.es/libros/organizacion-obrera-y-retorno-a-la-democracia-en-espana/9788474762396/\n"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"7135"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"7136"},["text","1996"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"7138"},["text","Robert M. Fishman\n"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"54"},["name","Sindicalismo"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name",""]]]],["item",{"itemId":"4998","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"1121"},["src","https://www.repositorio.historiarecienteenlaeducacion.com/files/original/f0a3cf482eeb22412ba83e0bff6357a0.jpg"],["authentication","5eb5e26788ed65df8fd512c053e3d4d6"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"116"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"32216"},["text",""]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"18"},["name",""],["description",""],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"52"},["name","Texto original"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33279"},["text","

Como muchas otras personas, estos días me paso numerosas horas delante de la televisión. Conectado a Al Yazira, donde podía hasta ahora seguir los acontecimientos en directo, veo como se va escribiendo la historia ante mis ojos. Después de la revolución democrática de Túnez, asistimos al segundo acto con el levantamiento de los egipcios durante esta asombrosa “primavera árabe”: “1989 árabe”.

\r\n

Lo que está ocurriendo es cautivador y, a la vez, excitante: nadie había anticipado una revolución popular en los grandes países árabes. Se nos había presentado a estos pueblos como ciudadanos frustrados y apáticos o simplemente fáciles de manipular por los autócratas y los islamistas. Y, de repente, descubrimos que los jóvenes de estas ciudades no son tan diferentes de los estudiantes occidentales. Aspiran a las mismas cosas y, gracias a Internet, están en sintonía con el resto del mundo.

\r\n

Quizás Internet y las redes sociales jugaron un papel más determinante de lo que podamos pensar en la conciencia colectiva. Incluso los supuestos expertos están perplejos: definitivamente ocurrieron demasiadas cosas durante los últimos dos años. El saber de los especialistas se basa generalmente en largos periodos, pero los conocimientos históricos han sido totalmente sobrepasados por las últimas herramientas de la sociedad moderna, algo de lo que no se habían percatado.

\r\n

¡Esto nunca funcionará en el mundo árabe¡

\r\n

Sin embargo, lo que más me asombra, lo que me exaspera en el fondo y lo que me puede enervar sobre este tema es esa voz que se escucha aquí y allá y que dice: ¡señor, qué peligrosa es esta inestabilidad! ¡Esto nunca funcionará en el mundo árabe! ¡Van a terminar por crear una dictadura de mulahs! ¡Los autócratas laicos eran a pesar de todo prácticos!

\r\n

Moralmente, es como si le hubiésemos dicho en 1989 a Vaclav Havel, Jens Reich (defensor de los derechos civiles en la insegura RDA) y a todos los ciudadanos que estaban hartos de su régimen corrompido, que sería mejor continuar obedeciendo un poco a Honecker, Husak y a los otros tristes tiranos con mala cara, ya que no se sabía lo que podría salir de la situación y que, quizás, podría llegar a desembocar en una Alemania reunificada y belicosa.

\r\n

El papel de los islamistas no es tan importante

\r\n
\r\n

Esta actitud no es solamente el signo de una decadencia moral sino también de un total desinterés por la realidad. Ya que cualquier persona que se interese incluso de lejos por este movimiento popular árabe, entiende rápidamente que los “islamistas” juegan un papel menos importante de lo que creíamos.

\r\n

Estos pueblos reclaman la democracia y la libertad, no los mulahs. Algunos dirán incluso que la influencia de los islamistas está en decadencia, como es el caso de los Hermanos musulmanes en Egipto.

\r\n

La historia está en marcha y se trata de una ocasión inédita. Los hombres cambian una vez que han disfrutado de la libertad. Es muy simple: nadie sabe lo que va a ocurrir. Hoy en día asistimos a un derrocamiento de los tiranos gracias a una clase media urbana. Es posible que las elecciones libres sean, más tarde, fuente de desilusión. Después de todo, ¿quién sabrá como van a reaccionar los simples campesinos del delta del Nilo? Pero como ya he dicho, nadie lo sabe. Es una oportunidad histórica.

\r\n

Por supuesto, se puede fracasar. Pero, ¿la simple posibilidad del fracaso es una razón suficiente para mantenernos en la estabilidad, que es justamente el argumento por el cual los dictadores se mantienen en su lugar? Claro que no.

\r\n

Apostar por la democracia también tiene riesgo

\r\n

Lo que nos falta, a los aguafiestas y a los escépticos como nosotros, es la imaginación política y el sentido de lo posible. Esto no se explica solamente por nuestra falta de imaginación, sino por motivos vilmente racistas: la democracia y los árabes, no funcionarán jamás. Prefieren los tiranos. ¡Qué razonamiento torcido!

\r\n

Cada vez que una sociedad, que unos ciudadanos libres deciden tomar en sus manos su suerte, forzosamente dan un paso a lo desconocido. Lo desconocido acarrea riesgos. Siempre ha sido así, sin riesgos no hay progreso y la democracia no habría visto nunca la luz del día.

\r\n

Que la democracia constituya un riesgo es una objeción tan antigua como la aspiración a la libertad. Siempre ha sido formulada por los partidarios de la estabilidad. Si nuestros ancestros los hubiesen escuchado, aún seguiríamos viviendo en servidumbre bajo el mando del clero y el látigo del príncipe.

\r\n

Factual or translation error? Tell us.

\r\n
\r\n
REACCIONES
\r\n

Europa debe estar preparada para la transición

\r\n
\r\n

En vista de los acontecimientos que se suceden en el mundo árabe, las reacciones europeas se caracterizan por el “cauto silencio de nuestros representantes” y el “escepticismo ante todo lo que viene de fuera y huela a ‘cambio’”, comenta Fernando Vallespín en El País. El editorialista enfatiza las diferencias entre la agitación que sacude la orilla sur del Mediterráneo y las reivindicaciones que han marcado las recientes protestas en Europa: “Mientras allí se levantan para alcanzar lo que no tienen -libertad y un mayor desarrollo económico-, nosotros lo hacemos para no perder lo ya conseguido”. Esta actitud, recalca Vallespín, explica el tímido apoyo que los europeos parecen otorgar a aquellos que no estén “satisfechos con lo que tienen y reivindiquen algo en lo que siempre hemos creído.”.

\r\n

Esta timidez es hasta tal punto sorprendente que “Europa no tiene influencia sobre el devenir de una serie de acontecimientos que son cruciales para su futuro […]”, observa Timothy Garton Ash en The Guardian. Sin embargo, subraya el historiador británico, “nadie tiene más experiencia que los europeos en materia de transiciones difíciles de la dictadura a la democracia. Ninguna región tiene tantos instrumentos a su disposición para influir en el futuro de Oriente Medio. Es cierto que los Estados Unidos mantienen relaciones especiales con los militares egipcios y las familias reales árabes, pero Europa ha establecido más relaciones comerciales, suministra ayudas importantes y existe además una tupida red de relaciones personales que surcan todo el Mare Nostrum […] Es Europa el continente que desean visitar la mayoría de los jóvenes árabes para estudiar o trabajar. Sus primos ya están allí”. Las revueltas en curso son “a la vez un problema y una oportunidad”. Y ésta es la razón, sugiere Garton Ash, por la que “la UE necesita actuar con rapidez, agilidad, coraje e imaginación, cualidades con las que no se le asocia normalmente”. Si en efecto las revueltas árabes fructifican, “los jóvenes árabes van a transitar por todo el Mediterráneo contribuyendo a las economías europeas y a pagar las jubilaciones de una población que envejece rápidamente”. Si, por el contrario, estas revueltas fracasan y los islamistas acaban tomando el poder, “que el cielo nos proteja. Si esto no es de interés vital para Europa, ¿qué puede serlo?”.

"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33280"},["text","http://www.voxeurop.eu/es/content/article/491261-los-arabes-tambien-aman-la-libertad"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33274"},["text",""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33275"},["text","Robert Mislik"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33276"},["text","04/02/2011"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33277"},["text","Der Standard / Voxeurope"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33278"},["text",""]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"801"},["name","Manifestaciones"]],["tag",{"tagId":"1460"},["name",""]]]]]