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Bajo la nueva pol&iacute;tica, las parejas podr&aacute;n tener dos hijos si uno de los padres es hijo &uacute;nico. Antes, una pareja s&oacute;lo pod&iacute;a tener un segundo hijo si ambos padres eran hijos &uacute;nicos.</p>\r\n<p>La decisi&oacute;n fue tomada por el Comit&eacute; Permanente de la Asamblea Popular Nacional durante su reuni&oacute;n bimensual, informa la agencia oficial Xinhua. El comit&eacute; tambi&eacute;n vot&oacute; a favor de abolir el&nbsp;<a href=\"https://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/09/10/actualidad/1378821639_360746.html\">sistema de reeducaci&oacute;n con campos de trabajo,</a>&nbsp;conocidos como&nbsp;<em>laojiao</em>. La resoluci&oacute;n refleja un reconocimiento del Gobierno a la ira generalizada por este sistema de detenci&oacute;n administrativa, que permite a la polic&iacute;a encarcelar sin juicio durante cuatro a&ntilde;os a arrestados por delitos menores. 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Tambi&eacute;n se utiliza contra activistas pol&iacute;ticos y religiosos, y miembros del movimiento de inspiraci&oacute;n budista&nbsp;<a href=\"https://elpais.com/tag/falun_gong/a/\">Falun Gong</a>, ilegalizado a finales de la d&eacute;cada de 1990.</p>\r\n<p>Seg&uacute;n el Ministerio de Justicia, en 2008 hab&iacute;a en China 160.000 personas internadas en un total de 350 de estos centros. La cadena de televisi&oacute;n p&uacute;blica CCTV eleva el n&uacute;mero a 310.000, en 310 centros.</p>\r\n<p>El nuevo Gobierno, encabezado por Xi y el primer ministro Li Keqiang, est&aacute;n acelerando una revisi&oacute;n de pol&iacute;ticas del Partido Comunista, que se originaron durante o poco despu&eacute;s del mandato de Mao. Los cambios fueron anunciados el mes pasado, tras una reuni&oacute;n del Partido Comunista que decidi&oacute; la direcci&oacute;n que seguir&aacute; el pa&iacute;s durante la pr&oacute;xima d&eacute;cada, y marca la&nbsp;<a href=\"https://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/11/15/actualidad/1384516289_066290.html\">reforma pol&iacute;tica m&aacute;s amplia desde los a&ntilde;os noventa</a>.</p>\r\n<p>La pol&iacute;tica del hijo &uacute;nico, puesta en marcha despu&eacute;s de la muerte de Mao en 1976, estaba destinada a aliviar la pobreza y controlar el r&aacute;pido crecimiento de la poblaci&oacute;n, pero tambi&eacute;n ha hecho que disminuya la capacidad laboral china. Durante los &uacute;ltimos a&ntilde;os, muchos dem&oacute;grafos han advertido a los l&iacute;deres chinos de que se avecina una crisis laboral debido a la disminuci&oacute;n de las tasas de natalidad, y han instado a los l&iacute;deres a comenzar a resolver la situaci&oacute;n inmediatamente. El n&uacute;mero de personas que entran en la fuerza laboral se est&aacute; reduciendo, al mismo tiempo que la tercera edad va en aumento.</p>\r\n<h3>P&eacute;rdida de fuerza laboral</h3>\r\n<p>Entre 2010 y 2030, se espera que la fuerza laboral de China pierda 67 millones de trabajadores, seg&uacute;n las proyecciones de Naciones Unidas. La tasa de natalidad de China se ha reducido a entre 1,5 y 1,6 hijos por pareja, informa Xinhua. La poblaci&oacute;n activa tuvo 3,45 millones de personas menos en 2012 y se reducir&aacute; ocho millones cada a&ntilde;o despu&eacute;s de 2023. China est&aacute; planeando aumentar la edad de jubilaci&oacute;n por primera vez desde los a&ntilde;os cincuenta para ayudar a aliviar la escasez de mano de obra.</p>\r\n<p>Los gobiernos provinciales deber&aacute;n tomar sus propias decisiones relacionadas con la implementaci&oacute;n de la medida, teniendo en cuenta &ldquo; la situaci&oacute;n demogr&aacute;fica local&rdquo;, dice la resoluci&oacute;n, seg&uacute;n Xinhua. La nueva pol&iacute;tica ayudar&aacute; a que la fuerza de trabajo china mantenga un tama&ntilde;o razonable, se ralentice el envejecimiento de la poblaci&oacute;n y dinamice la econom&iacute;a, declar&oacute; Wang Peian, subdirector de la Comisi&oacute;n Nacional de Salud y Planificaci&oacute;n Familiar, el mes pasado, seg&uacute;n la revista&nbsp;<em>Caixin</em>.</p>\r\n<p>Al mismo tiempo, los estudios de la comisi&oacute;n indican que no hay muchas parejas que cumplen los nuevos criterios, as&iacute; que no habr&aacute; cambios repentinos en la poblaci&oacute;n a corto plazo, seg&uacute;n Wang. Algunos expertos estiman que con la nueva pol&iacute;tica habr&aacute; uno o dos millones de nacimientos m&aacute;s al a&ntilde;o. Planificadores familiares dicen que China ha evitado 400 millones de nacimientos desde 1980.</p>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"33410"},["text","<a href=\"https://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/12/28/actualidad/1388224041_080576.html\" target=\"_blank\">https://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/12/28/actualidad/1388224041_080576.html</a>"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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