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Un hecho sin precedente, ya que, ligada a Rusia desde 1654, Ucrania nunca ha tenido una existencia estatal propia. Hoy, el deseo de vivir como Estado independiente tiene una fuerza arrolladora. Incluso en zonas como Crimea, donde predomina la poblaci&oacute;n rusa, la gran mayor&iacute;a ha votado a favor de la independencia. El mismo d&iacute;a, Ucrania ha elegido por sufragio universal a su presidente, acto electoral de no menor trascendencia que el refer&eacute;ndum. 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Kravchuk desea una Ucrania sin armas nucleares, y pide la destrucci&oacute;n, con los controles que sean precisos, de las armas de ese g&eacute;nero existentes en su territorio.</p>\r\n<div id=\"elpais_gpt-INTEXT\" data-google-query-id=\"CNq12pmJmtUCFd21UQodyE8CnA\">\r\n<div id=\"google_ads_iframe_/7811748/elpais_web/diario/intext_0__container__\"><iframe id=\"google_ads_iframe_/7811748/elpais_web/diario/intext_0\" title=\"3rd party ad content\" name=\"google_ads_iframe_/7811748/elpais_web/diario/intext_0\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" data-integralas-id-43a9cc7d-e1db-6ff4-2523-62a191d55b03=\"\"></iframe></div>\r\n</div>\r\n<p>&iquest;Qu&eacute; representa la independencia ucrania para el proyecto de Gorbachov de un nuevo tratado para crear una Uni&oacute;n, de Estados Soberanos? Kravchuk no es partidario de ese tratado, si bien considera necesario establecer entre las rep&uacute;blicas unos lazos semejantes a los existentes entre los miembros de la Comunidad Europea. F&oacute;rmula flexible, especialmente ahora que la CE est&aacute; en plena evoluci&oacute;n. En todo caso, despu&eacute;s del refer&eacute;ndum es dif&iacute;cil imaginar que pueda salir adelante la nueva Uni&oacute;n tal como Gorbachov la hab&iacute;a previsto. Parece m&aacute;s probable que las rep&uacute;blicas negocien de manera abierta el tipo de relaciones que quieran establecer entre s&iacute;.</p>\r\n<p>Por otra parte, el peso de Gorbachov cae en picado, y la presidencia de la Uni&oacute;n supone cada vez menos poder. El Estado sovi&eacute;tico s&oacute;lo pudo evitar la bancarrota total gracias a la decisi&oacute;n de Yeltsin, como presidente de Rusia, de asumir el pago del aparato estatal. A cambio, Rusia ha obtenido de hecho el control del sistema financiero del conjunto de lo que fue la Uni&oacute;n Sovi&eacute;tica. Por otra parte, la decisi&oacute;n de los ministros de Defensa de 11 rep&uacute;blicas -con el sovi&eacute;tico- aceptando que &eacute;stas creen sus propios ej&eacute;rcitos es otro golpe a los planes de Gorbachov. Si en lo financiero y en lo militar las rep&uacute;blicas tienden a actuar con plena independencia, se vac&iacute;a de contenido la proyectada Uni&oacute;n. Ello incrementa los peligros de un nuevo intento de golpe reaccionario o militar, como ha advertido Shevardnadze, y no ayuda en modo alguno a detener la cat&aacute;strofe econ&oacute;mica. Pero la voluntad de independencia de las rep&uacute;blicas parece imparable.</p>\r\n<p>La nueva situaci&oacute;n ucrania plantea un problema internacional cuya soluci&oacute;n no puede dilatarse. Era l&oacute;gico respetar, e incluso apoyar, los esfuerzos tendentes a mantener una uni&oacute;n de las rep&uacute;blicas ex sovi&eacute;ticas. Las ventajas de tal soluci&oacute;n para la seguridad europea son obvias. Pero hoy esas rep&uacute;blicas son ya protagonistas de la vida interestatal y lo ser&aacute;n cada vez m&aacute;s, al margen de lo que decidan sobre sus relaciones mutuas. Los pa&iacute;ses de la CE deber&iacute;an tener una pol&iacute;tica com&uacute;n -que no sea s&oacute;lo pasiva- en cuanto a reconocer la nueva situaci&oacute;n.</p>\r\n<p class=\"nota_pie\">* Este art&iacute;culo apareci&oacute; en la edici&oacute;n impresa del Martes, 3 de diciembre de 1991</p>"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"53"},["name","Enlace"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"34161"},["text","<a href=\"https://elpais.com/diario/1991/12/03/opinion/691714812_850215.html\" target=\"_blank\">https://elpais.com/diario/1991/12/03/opinion/691714812_850215.html</a>"]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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